Titanium oxide hollow microspheres were synthesized from organic precursor titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) using continuous spray pyrolysis reactor. Effects of precursor concentration, applied voltage and annealing have been investigated. It was observed that the annealing of the as-synthesized TiO2 hollow microspheres at 250C, which had an average external diameter of 200 nm, leads to an inc...

A new nonlinear programming algorithm is proposed for stochastic programming problems. This method relies on sampling to estimate the probabilistic objective function and constraints. The computational burden of excessive model calculations for determining the search direction is bypassed through a reweighting method using Kernel Density Estimation. The improvements accomplished by this algorit...

Plasma-assisted oxidation, anodization, and nitridation of silicon have been performed in microwave, rf, and dc plasmas with a variety of reactor configurations and a range of plasma densities. Compared to thermal processes at equivalent substrate temperatures, film growth rates are accelerated by the plasma-enhanced generation of reactive chemical species or by the presence of electric fields ...

The author applies, develops and researches mini-sized MicroAB Thermonuclear Reactors for space propulsion and space power systems. These small engines directly convert the high speed charged particles produced in the thermonuclear reactor into vehicle thrust or vehicle electricity with maximum efficiency. The simplest AB-thermonuclear propulsion offered allows spaceships to reach speeds of 20,...

The uniformity of plasma generation in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) reactors for materials processing, and the subsequent uniformity of fluxes to the substrate, are generally a function of the mode of the microwave radiation injected into the chamber. In this paper, a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is used to demonstrate the consequences of exciting an ECR reactor using a...

Self-regulation between structure and turbulence, which is a fundamental process in the complex system, has been widely regarded as one of the central issues in modern physics. A typical example of that in magnetically confined plasmas is the Low confinement mode to High confinement mode (L-H) transition, which is intensely studied for more than thirty years since it provides a confinement impr...

Major efforts are underway to develop fusion energy for use in electric power production in the furture. While fusion reactor concepts are being developed, appropriate attention must be given to problems relvant to the utility requirements which are likely to be encountered in the commercialization phase. In this paper the expected fusion plant availability is assessed in detail due to the impo...

Background & objectives: Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is one of the low cost wastewater treatment systems compared to the aerobic method. Hoverer it should be studied and developed to overcome its limitations such as insufficient nutrient removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the 5 sectional ABR pilot and improve it with integrated electric coagulation process for ...

Traditional high-voltage reactor monitoring and diagnosis research has problems such as high sampling demand, difficulty in noise reduction on site, many false alarms, lack of on-site data. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes an acoustic–electric fusion acquisition system defect method based pulse current ultrasonic detection signal. Using envelope peak signal basic data, ...