based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. however, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. to resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...

Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was cond...

environmental degradation and economic growth are two important proofs in sustainable developmentwhich are followed by steel industry. in this case, energy and environmental damages as sustainabilitypatterns of environment have been investigated in three different dust collectors to select the mostenvironmentally suitable dust collector for electric furnace. in this article, the consumption amo...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

by developing the level of life in societies, the need for new resources of energy becomes more important. in almost all cases, the aim is to convert one form of energy to the electrical form. with advances of technology and use of new electric and electronic devices and gadgets, the need for electrical energy is increasing and providing stable and continuous electric power becomes very importa...

The increment integration of renewable distributed energies means the desired operation of the electric power system will significantly depend on the performance of primary energy. In this order, an integrated approach for mutual interaction between the electricity and natural gas systems has been considered for the purpose of ensuring optimal energy exchanging between the electric power system...

The future distribution network comprising different energy carriers will include small-scale energy resources (SSERs) and loads, known as a Networked multi-carrier microgrid (NMCMG). This concept not only leads to an efficient reduction in operation costs, but also encompasses the energy transformation between gas and electric networks at combined nodes, as well as district heating networks. I...

The control strategy for Direct Wave Energy Converters (DWEC) is often discussed without taking into account the physical limitations of electric Power Take-Off (PTO) system. This inappropriate modelling assumption leads to a non-realistic or a bad use of the electric systems, that leads to a failure to minimize the global ”per-kWh” system cost. We propose here a Model Predictive Control (MPC) ...