Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been intensively studied to meet the increased demands for the high energy density of portable electronics and electric vehicles. The low specific capacity of the conventional graphite based anodes is one of the key factors that limit the capacity of LIBs. Transition metal oxides, such as NiO, MnO2 and Fe3O4, are known to be promising anode materials that are e...

To explore monolithically integrated phototransmitters, a graded-index quantum well laser was integrated with a selectivity regrown heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The laser utilized a p-up configuration, and the HBT used collector down geometry. This scheme allowed the devices to be interconnected through the n +-GaAs substrate. The threshold current (It,,) for the ridge waveguide las...

There are three fundamental bias currents to be chosen for this novel transimpedance stage: the collector current of the emitter followers Q8 and Q9, that of the common-emitter transistors Q10 and Q11, and finally the current in the folded cascodes formed by Q14 and Q15. Needless to say, the collector current of complementary pairs (e.g., Q8 and Q9) should be set to approximately equal values. ...

Garbage Collection (GC) is a process of automatic memory reclamation from the objects that are no longer required by the mutator. The execution time of the application and memory reclaimed by garbage collector are important factors that influence the selection of a specific garbage collector while selecting a specific one. The current research paper selects a suitable garbage collector on the b...

This paper presents measurements of the avalanche multiplication factor (M 1) in SiGe HBT’s using a new technique capable of separating the avalanche multiplication and Early effect contributions to the increase of collector current with collector-base bias, as well as allowing safe measurements at practical current densities. The impact of collector doping, current density, Ge profile, and ope...

The problem of unbounded uniaxial chiral omega media in the presence of both static electric and magnetic point charges is investigated. For this purpose scalar electric and magnetic potentials in these media are introduced. Using these potentials, the corresponding electric and magnetic fields are determined. The similar problem of static electric and magnetic current sources with the goal of ...

This work compares NPN and PNP SiGe HBTs fabricated simultaneously using Ge' implantation in the base to achieve an average Ge concentration of 4at.%. Electrical measurements are presented and discussed with TEM and SIMS analysis. The results show that the PNP HBTs give superior performance to the NPNs, as they have more ideal collector characteristics. The NPN HBTs exhibit collector-emitter le...

The temperature dependence of magneto current in the spin spin valve transistor system is theoretically explored based on phenomenological model. We find that the collector current strongly depends on the relative orientation of magnetic moment of ferromagnetic metals due to spin mixing effect. For example, the collector current is decreasing in the parallel case with increasing temperature, an...