Along with the common goal of reducing fuel consumption for vehicles, the hybrid electric vehicle stands out as a mean for more fuel efficient driving. Besides the conventional combustion engine and fuel tank, the hybrid electric vehicle is also equipped with an electric motor and a battery for propulsion. Car manufacturers are presently working to provide the markets with the next step of this...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are driven by two energy convertors, i.e., an Internal Combustion (IC) engine and an electric machine. To make powertrain of HEV as efficient as possible, proper management of the energy elements is essential. This task is completed by HEV controller, which splits power between the IC engine and Electric Motor (EM). In this paper, a Genetic-Fuzzy control strategy...

– The pulse power characteristics of ultracapacitors appear well suited to electric vehicle applications, where they may supply the peak power more efficiently than the battery, and can prevent excessive over sizing of the battery pack due to peak power demands. Operation of ultracapacitors in battery electric vehicles is examined for possible improvements in system efficiency, vehicle driving ...

An estimation of the power battery state of charge (SOC) is related to the energy management, the battery cycle life and the use cost of electric vehicles. When a lithium‐ion power battery is used in an electric vehicle, the SOC displays a very strong time‐dependent nonlinearity under the influence of random factors, such as the working conditions and the environment. Hence, resea...

This paper focuses on Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS), consisting of a combination of batteries and Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), for electric urban busses. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodology to determine the hybridization percentage that allows the electric bus to work with the highest efficiency while reducing battery aging, depending on the chosen topology, cont...

The design of a full electric vehicle (or battery electric vehicle (BEV)) requires the development and optimization of a complete electric powertrain, including battery, power electronics, electric machine, sensors and control system. When designing an electrical platform, from the very beginning of the V-cycle, it is mandatory to rely on modelling and simulation tools in order to drive the mai...

In this work the effect of weight reduction using advanced lightweight materials on the mass, energy use, and cost of conventional and battery electric passenger vehicles is compared. Analytic vehicle simulation is coupled with cost assessment to find the optimal degree of weight reduction minimizing manufacturing and total costs. The results show a strong secondary weight and cost saving poten...

If battery packs for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are to operate effectively in all climates, thermal management of the packs is essential. In this paper, we will review a systematic approach for designing and evaluating battery pack thermal management systems. A thermal management system using air as the heat transfer medium is less complicated than a system usin...