Using a reaction time (RT) task, the biceps brachii muscle was investigated in five healthy subjects to determine whether EMG in the initial phase of activity is dependent upon the direction of movement, i.e., elbow flexion and forearm supination, and/or influenced by the presence or absence of warning signal. Results showed that in the presence of warning EMG-RT of forearm supination was faste...

BACKGROUND Tendon transfer is a surgical technique for restoring upper limb motor control in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries (SCI), and offers a rare window into cortical neuroplasticity following regained arm and hand function. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to examine neuroplasticity mechanisms related to re-established voluntary motor control of thumb flexion following tendon transfe...

Ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency has been shown to result in changes in contact pressure and contact area in the posteromedial elbow. This study used new digital technology to assess the effect of a complete ulnar collateral ligament tear on ulnohumeral contact area, contact pressure, and valgus laxity throughout the throwing motion. Nine elbow cadaveric specimens were tested at 90° and ...

Forelimb trajectory and the activity of eight muscles operating at the elbow, wrist and digit joints were analyzed during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the lateral (L) or medial (M) side of the cat's forepaw to verify whether a common movement strategy was used in these reactions. A tactile stimulus applied to the lateral side of the paw led, most frequen...

INTRODUCTION Treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO) of the elbow is challenging and fraught with complications. Patients who sustain direct trauma to the elbow joint, the central nervous system, and thermal burns are at increased risk for development of HO. There is a paucity of studies and reports on patient's self-evaluation after the excision of the heterotopic ossification. MATERIALS ...

OBJECTIVE To establish whether severe obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) can be identified reliably at or before three months of age. METHODS Severe OBPP was defined as neurotmesis or avulsion of spinal nerves C5 and C6 irrespective of additional C7-T1 lesions, assessed during surgery and confirmed by histopathological examination. We first prospectively studied a derivation group of 48 i...

PURPOSE Surgical transfers of muscles are used to restore lateral pinch in tetraplegia; however, outcomes are variable. The purpose of this study was to compare activation of the brachioradialis (Br) after transfer to the flexor pollicis longus during maximum effort in its primary function (elbow flexion) with maximum effort in its postoperative function (lateral pinch) and to record Br activat...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that various biomechanical factors affect valgus extension overload during baseball pitching; yet, their relationships are not clearly defined, and factors such as trunk rotation and arm slot have not been investigated. HYPOTHESIS The onset of trunk rotation, with other biomechanical variables that define sequential body motion, will significantly predict elbow v...

1. Six subjects performed three series of pointing tasks with the unconstrained arm. Series one and two required subjects to move as fast as possible with different weights attached to the wrist. The first required flexion at both shoulder and elbow joints. The second required shoulder flexion and elbow extension. The third series required flexion at both joints and subjects were intentionally ...

Contribution of synergistic muscles toward specific movements over multi joint systems may change with varying position of distal or proximal joints. Purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship of muscular coordination of brachioradialis and biceps brachii during elbow flexion with respect to hand position and biomechanical advantages and disadvantages of biceps brachii. A group of 16 h...