Numerous studies have addressed the question of the econometric specification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This paper adds preliminary results on nonstationarity and its effect on functional form using a panel data set for the U.S. by state from 1929 to 1994. It is found that unit-root tests strongly support a unit root in pollutants (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) and income w...

In recent years, extensive literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve leading to optimistic policy conclusions has attracted great attention. However, the underlying cross-section estimations are not very reliable. Accordingly, this contribution uses time series data for a single country with good data quality: Germany. With a specification that includes all theoretical variations and differ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidences of margin involvement, disease relapse, and complications in patients who had undergone conization using an electrosurgical knife (EKC) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or microinvasive carcinomas (micro-CAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case series analysis was performed with a total of 1359 patients ...

While some countries have achieved considerable development, many others still lack access to the goods and services considered standard in the modern society. As CO2 emissions and development are often correlated, this paper employs the theoretical background of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the learning curves toolkit to analyze how carbon intensities have changed as countries mov...

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) has been extensively criticized on econometric and theoretical grounds. Recent econometric results and case studies show that national emissions of important pollutants are monotonic in income but changes in technology can lead over time to reductions in pollution a lowering of the EKC and that pollution reducing innovations and standards may be adopted wit...

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between income, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia using time-series data during 1975 to 2011. This study also attempts to validate the environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) hypothesis. Applying a multivariate model of income, energy consumption in the transportation sector, carbon emissions, structural change in the economy and ren...