The most important defining factor of being human is the use of symbolic language. Language or communication problem occurs during the growth, the child will have a higher risk of social isolation and then the survival will be threatened constantly. Today, adolescents and youths are familiar with computer and smart-phone devices, and communication with others by these devices is easy than face-...

This article investigates the determinants of generosity in an experiment on charity to real-life welfare recipients. It tests the effects of various measures of unconditional altruism and conditional or reciprocal altruism. The results show strong support for conditional or reciprocal altruism. However, people who are self-reported unconditional altruists make offers that are highly elastic wi...

The model of ego depletion suggests that individuals have a fixed amount of resource to exert selfcontrol or perform other effortful and willful acts of the self. This resource, called ego strength, is required for any and all self-directed efforts (in particular, selfcontrol and making choices that are relevant to the self). This ego strength is consumed or depleted in the process of self-cont...

This paper addresses the relationship between the ego, id, and internal objects. While ego psychology views the ego as autonomous of the drives, a less well-known alternative position views the ego as constituted by the drives. Based on Freud's ego-instinct account, this position has developed into a school of thought which postulates that the drives act as knowers. Given that there are multipl...

Ego networks have proved to be a valuable tool for understanding the relationships that individuals establish with their peers, both in offline and online social networks. Particularly interesting are the cognitive constraints associated with the interactions between the ego and the members of their ego network, whereby individuals cannot maintain meaningful interactions with more than 150 peop...

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of ego depletion on arousal of elite Iranian swimmers. The sample comprised elite swimmers invited to the national swimming team as focused and semi focused (36 subjects). The research design was as pre- and post-test—in two phases of ego depletion conditions and the lack of ego depletion conditions in two experimental and control...

In this paper, we explored the super-ego ofpatients with coronary artery disease. Research results have confirmed the initial hypothesis that a significant number of patients with coronary artery disease has rigorous super-ego. Among patients with coronary artery disease (N=50), and control group (N=50), we have found significant differences in the quality of super-ego and ego attitude towards ...

To date, few studies have sought to investigate the effects of child maltreatment and processes influencing maladaptation and resilience in Latino children. In the current investigation, multiple aspects of functioning, personal resources, and relationship features were examined in school-age maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. Maltreated Latino children were found to have fewer areas...

Previous studies of the long-term effects of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) on child development have mostly focused on a limited set of outcomes, and have often not controlled for risk factors associated with maternal depression. The present study compared children of postpartum depressed mothers (n = 29) with children from a community sample (n = 113) in terms of a broad range of develo...