OBJECTIVES To study the potential factors include gene mutation, efflux pump and alteration of permeability associated with quinolone-resistance of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis and to evaluate the degree of synergistic activity of efflux pump inhibitors when combined with ciprofloxacin against resistant isolates. METHODS Antimicrobial resistanc...

Background: Meropenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered an increasing problem. Efflux pump one multiple mechanisms that are responsible for this resistance. This study aimed to phenotypically and genotypically detect prevalence efflux mediated meropenem among P. isolates. Methods: Pseudomonas was isolated from different clinical specimens identified by conventio...

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be due to efflux pump overexpression and/or target mutations. We designed this study to investigate the efflux pump mediated fluoroquinolone resistance and check the increasing effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in combination with an efflux pumps inhibitor among P. aeruginosa isolates from burn wounds infections. MATERIALS AN...

ratory infection. It causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised hosts. Recent studies indicate that an increasing percentage of Klebsiella strains are becoming resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. In particular, infection with K. pneumoniae that are resistant against the b-lactams and fluoroquinolones are especially severe clinical problems. Furthermore, such resistant K. pneumoni...

Multidrug efflux pumps contribute to multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pump expression usually has been quantified by Western blotting. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has been developed to measure mRNA expression for genes of interest. Whether this method correlates with pump protein quantities is unclear. We devised a real-time PCR for mRNA expression ...

Serratia marcescens is an important nosocomial agent known for causing various infections in immunocompromised individuals. Resistance of this organism to a broad spectrum of antibiotics makes the treatment of infections very difficult. This study was undertaken to identify multidrug resistance efflux pumps in S. marcescens. Three mutant strains of S. marcescens were isolated in vitro by the se...

Background: Shigella spp. are gram negative bacteria, which are of global public health importance. The growing of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates are a major problemaround the world. Methods: Overall, 50 isolates of Shigella spp. from children diarrheic stools w...

Drug resistant tuberculosis continues to increase and new approaches for its treatment are necessary. The identification of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates presenting efflux as part of their resistant phenotype has a major impact in tuberculosis treatment. In this work, we used a checkerboard procedure combined with the tetrazolium microplate-based assay (TEMA) to study single combinations be...

The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium. We established the Caenorhabditis elegans-Salmonella Typhimurium model to select for ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium colonizing C. elegans, generating the resistant strains TN4. Gradient doses of ciprofloxacin were used to generate the resistant strain TW4 in ...