Splenic lymphocytes from four C57BL/10 congenic mouse strains were sensitized in vitro to N(-3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenylacetyl)-beta-alanylglycylglycyl-(N) modified autologous lymphocytes. The effector cells generated after 5 days of culture were assayed on a series of either N-modified phytohemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cells or N-modified tumor cells. The results indicated in all cases t...

The ability of mononuclear cells (MC) from peripheral blood of normal cattle to lyse a variety of cells was tested in a 51Cr-release microcytotoxicity assay. Several types of bovine cells infected with parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V) were susceptible to natural cytotoxicity. Bovine cells infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus, uninfec...

Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are injected into host plant cells by Xanthomonas bacteria to function as transcriptional activators for the benefit of the pathogen. The DNA binding domain of TAL effectors is composed of conserved amino acid repeat structures containing repeat-variable diresidues (RVDs) that determine DNA binding specificity. In this paper, we present TALgetter, a ...

Animal miRNAs commonly mediate mRNA degradation and/or translational repression by binding to their target mRNAs. Key factors for miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation are the components of the miRNA effector complex (AGO1 and GW182) and the general mRNA degradation machinery (deadenylation and decapping enzymes). The CCR4-NOT1 complex required for the deadenylation of target mRNAs is directly recrui...

Upon injection into the vascular system of rats, testosterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate (testosterone-BSA) is taken up by cells via the process of endocytosis. When it is taken up by the target cells of testosterone such as spermatogenic cells, it enters the nuclei of the cells. However, testosterone-BSA does not enter the nuclei of the non-target cells such as hepatocytes and thymocytes. ...

The selective targeting of a compound to tumors, or for that matter to any structure in the body, requires high stability of the compound in blood, biodistribution to the target site, adequate contact time with the target, adequate retention by the target, maintenance of drug potency, and adequate clearance of nontargeted compound. For over two decades, antibodies have been the scaffold of choi...

Evidence suggests that, when people respond to target stimuli, distractors that accompany the target become integrated with the response, and can thus subsequently serve as a retrieval cue of that response-an example of distractor-response binding. In two experiments, we investigated whether the response codes that become part of such distractor-response bindings are effector-specific or abstra...