Background: The health of elderly population in the world has been an important issue in recent century and the use of appropriate or inappropriate medications is challenging among them. The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of medication in elderly population in Amirkola, northern of Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 1534 elderly subjects who participated in Amirkola He...

Background: The transtheoretical model (TTM) is used as a framework to implement smoking cessation programs. This model has some subscales based on which the smoking temptation scale is proposed as stages movement factor. This study aimed to translate and validate the temptation subscales of the TTM questionnaire in the Iranian population. Methods...

background: the health of elderly population in the world has been an important issue in recent century and the use of appropriate or inappropriate medications is challenging among them. the purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of medication in elderly population in amirkola, northern of iran. methods: this study was conducted on 1534 elderly subjects who participated in amirkola hea...

BACKGROUND An association between education level and survival after esophageal cancer has recently been indicated, but remains uncertain. We conducted a large study with long follow-up to address this issue. METHODS This population-based cohort study included all patients operated for esophageal cancer in Sweden between 1987 and 2010 with follow-up until 2012. Level of education was categori...

aim : to determine the prevalence of constipation and its associated factors using rome iii criteria in iranian population. background : due to the appearance of amoxicillin-resistant h. pylori strains all over the world, the decreased efficacy of conventional amoxicillin-containing treatment regimens has become a matter of concern. patients and methods : a cross-sectional study conducted in te...

Political thinking in terms of "left and "right" has successfully expanded from its originating Western European context all over the globe. In all included world regions except the Middle East, at least 60 percent of the total population are ready to place themselves on a respective LR-scale. In all regions, left-right self identifications are particularly widespread among the more educated an...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the dynamics of smoking prevalence, initiation, and cessation in relation to sex, age, birth cohort, study year, and educational level. DESIGN Six independent cross-sectional population surveys repeated every five years between 1972 and 1997. SETTING The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland. SUBJECTS Independent random samples of 18,088 men and 19,...

It has been suggested that certain residents, such as those with a low socioeconomic status, the elderly, and women, may benefit more from the presence of neighbourhood green space than others. We tested this hypothesis for age, gender, educational level, and employment status in four European cities. Data were collected in Barcelona (Spain; n = 1002), Kaunas (Lithuania; n = 989), Doetinchem (T...

AIM To describe educational inequalities in cancer survival and to what extent these can be explained by comorbidity and health behaviours (smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption). METHODS The GLOBE study sent postal questionnaires to individuals in The Netherlands in 1991 resulting in 18 973 respondents (response 70%). Questions were asked on education, health and health-related ...