Morphine (Mor) tolerance has been attributed to a reduction of opioid-adrenergic antinociceptive synergy at the spinal level. The present experiments tested the interaction of intrathecally (i.t.) administered Mor-clonidine (Clon) combinations in mice made acutely or chronically tolerant to Mor. ICR mice were pretreated with Mor either acutely (40 nmol i.t., 8 h; 100 mg/kg s.c., 4 h) or chronic...

Global warming is resulting in unprecedented levels of coral mortality due to mass bleaching events and, more recently, marine heatwaves, where rapid increases seawater temperature cause within days. Here, we compare the response a ubiquitous scleractinian coral, Stylophora pistillata, from northern Red Sea acute (7 h) and chronic (7–11 d) thermal stress that include treatments 27°C (i.e., loca...

OBJECTIVE To determine the median effective dose (ED50) for motor block of intrathecally administered different concentrations of bupivacaine in younger patients. METHODS This study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, China, on 40 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I-II younger patients (18-...

(+/-)-Aeroplysinin-1, an optically active 1,2-dihydroarene-1,2-diol, was isolated from the marine sponges Verongia aerophoba (+-isomer) and Ianthella ardis (- -isomer). For the experiments presented we used the +-isomer from Verongia aerophoba. Here we describe the hitherto unknown biological and pharmacological property of this compound to display pronounced anticancer activity against L5178y ...

PURPOSE Human photosensitive epilepsy models have been used as proof of principle (POP) trials for epilepsy. Photosensitive patients are exposed to intermittent photic stimulation and the reduction in sensitivity to the number of standard visual stimulation frequencies is used as an endpoint. The aim of this research was to quantify the predictive capabilities of photosensitive POP trials, thro...

Since fish are poikilothermic, changes in temperature may perturb hormonal activation of cell function. To test this hypothesis, and determine the extent to which hormonal responses are thermally compensated, the effect of temperature on epinephrinestimulated glucose release in perfused trout liver was studied. Thermally acclimated (5 and 20 ̊C) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were responsiv...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Terawatt (TW) lasers have become commonplace since the development of the chirped-pulse amplification method using Ti:sapphire and Nd:glass laser rods. We have measured the minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds for porcine1The animals involved in this study were procured, maintained, and used in accordance with the Federal Animal Welfare Act and the "Guide for the Ca...