Ectopic ureter is one of the rarely encountered abnormalities of the urinary system resulting from the abnormal relation of the mesonephric canal and ureteric bud during embryonic development. Ectopic ureter, which is more commonly seen in women and associated with duplex collecting system, is an entity that should be remembered in children with complaints of constant urinary incontinence despi...

The thorax is the rarest place among all forms of renal ectopia. We report a rare case of an unacquired thoracic kidney. Only about 200 cases of the thoracic kidney have ever been reported in medical literature worldwide. In this paper we present the rarest form of nontraumatic nonhernia associated, truly ectopic thoracic kidney. The differential diagnosis and management options and classificat...

BACKGROUND: A wandering spleen is a condition in which the spleen, located upper left abdomen, becomes dislocated from its normal position. Although literature on exists, there very limited causing internal hernia. We present novel case of ectopic kidney with herniation leading to intestinal obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: 13-year-old female presented abdominal pain and imaging showed cyst, kid...

In the normal mouse embryo, Bmp4 is expressed in mesenchymal cells surrounding the Wolffian duct (WD) and ureter stalk, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor genes are transcribed either ubiquitously (Alk3) or exclusively in the WD and ureter epithelium (Alk6). Bmp4 heterozygous null mutant mice display, with high penetrance, abnormalities that mimic human congenital anomalie...