Laboratory research in toxicology has progressed far beyond reliance on measures of mortality to make use of sophisticated behavioral preparations that can evaluate the consequences of sublethal toxicant exposure. In contrast, field studies have not evolved as rapidly. Approaches developed by experimental psychologists and ethologists provide powerful and complementary methodologies to the stud...

Assessing the ecological risks of toxic chemicals is most often based on individual-level responses such as survival, reproduction or growth. Such an approach raises the following questions with regard to translating these measured effects into likely impacts on natural populations. (i) To what extent do individual-level variables underestimate or overestimate population-level responses? (ii) H...

This paper describes a Bayesian modeling approach to the estimation of the no effect concentration (NEC) and the hazardous concentration (HC(x)) as an alternative to conventional methods based on NOECs - the no observed effect concentration. The advantage of the proposed method is that it combines a plausible model for dose-response data with prior information or belief about the model's parame...

Variation is an essential feature of biological systems. Populations adapt to dynamic environments, in part, because of this variation. In this review, we re-examine phenotypic variation, especially in organisms living in polluted environments. A recent goal of ecotoxicology is to understand the sublethal effects of exposure to pollutants, e.g. responses to endocrine-disrupting contaminants. Wh...

Currently, research agenda in marine ecotoxicology is facing new challenges with the emergence of newly and complex synthetized chemicals. The study fate adverse effects toxicants remains increasingly complicated global change events. Ecotoxicology had provided for a decades, precious scientific data knowledge but also technical management tools environmental community. Regarding those, it nece...