this article is aimed at investigating the cultural-artistic exchange and its influence on female costumes in the most critical part of the history; that is during the formation of the parthian kingdom in the great achaemenid’s realm after the invasion of foreigners such as alexandra and the greek. this paper also examines the causes that have lead to transformations in the type of woman's...

background to estimate the total annual cost due to chronic hepatitis b (chb)-related diseases imposed on each patient and his/her family in iran.   methods economic burden of chb-related diseases (chb, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. in this retrospective study, 100 iranian patients were identified to obtain their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect c...

Abstract In this paper, we argue that closer engagement with the field of new institutional economics (NIE) has potential to provide researchers a theoretical toolbox can be used study economic and social practices are not readily traceable in material culture. NIE assumes individual actions based on bounded rationality existence rules (institutions) their enforcement – framework influences age...

There are several systems in real situations that only accept a single and acceptable benchmark for efficiency improvement. For instance, when we are going to select a target for a country, the target country should be as close as the view of culture, economics and politics to the inefficient country. Otherwise, it would not be acceptable. Therefore, an inefficient country for several reaso...