this paper describes a methodology in designing high-performance concrete for simply supported beams, using a hybrid optimization strategy based on a variable neighborhood search threshold acceptance algorithm. three strategies have been applied to discrete optimization of reinforced concrete beams: variable neighborhood descent (vnd), reduced neighborhood search (rns) and basic variable neighb...

This paper use the dynamic growth framework to model relationship between trade liberalization policy and economic of 42 African countries from 1995 2018. Banking on heterogeneity income socioeconomic factor affecting policies in countries, opted for Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique which is sufficient inference a heterogeneous environment. The result tells that beneficial up certain threshold...

Average household debt has now surpassed the level of 2008, which signals an increase in systemic risk and thereby fragility financial system. This paper investigates effect on 24 countries’ economic growth. In addition, we also examine whether a tipping point exists. By employing threshold method, found that impact country’s growth is negative. Because relationship between monotonically non-in...