This article presents empirical evidence on the determinants of the space heating technology applied by a household. Considering the increasing attention on efficient use of energy, it becomes vitally important to understand the energy-related behavior of households. Three sets of variables are examined as potential influences building , socio-economic, and regional characteristics. To highligh...

This paper examines alternative ways that the value of CO2 emissions allowances created under cap-and-trade policy could be returned to households. One approach (based on principles of economic efficiency) is effectively a “tax shift” that would use revenues from an auction of CO2 emissions allowances to reduce preexisting distortionary taxes. A second approach (based on principles of property ...

INTRODUCTION In the majority of developing countries, the volume of medical insurance services, provided by social insurance organizations is inadequate. Thus, supplementary medical insurance is proposed as a means to address inadequacy of medical insurance. Accordingly, in this article, we attempted to provide the context for expansion of this important branch of insurance through identificati...

Economic insecurity describes the risk of economic loss faced by workers and households as they encounter the unpredictable events of social life. Our review suggests a four-part framework for studying the distribution and trends in these economic risks. First, a focus on households rather than workers captures the microlevel risk pooling that can smooth income flows and stabilize economic well...

INTRODUCTION Intensified poverty arising from economic decline and crisis may have contributed to reductions in HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the economic decline on household wealth and prevalent HIV infection using data from a population-based open cohort. METHODS Household wealth was estimated using data from a prospective household census in Manicaland P...

BACKGROUND Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Stroke, which affects mostly the productive age group, leaves about 65% of its victims disabled, leads to increased loss of manpower both at individual and national levels. Little is known about the socio-economic burden of the disease in terms of its impacts on the individual, family and community both directly and indirectly in Sub-S...

BACKGROUND This paper estimates the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on the KwaZulu-Natal province and the rest of South Africa. METHODS We extended previous studies by employing: an integrated analytical framework that combined firm surveys of workers' HIV prevalence by sector and occupation; a demographic model that produced both population and workforce projections; and a regionalized economy-w...

Liberalization of foreign exchange regime and instability of national currency are among the major factors that shaped the level and strength of currency substitution in Ukraine. In this paper, a problem of currency substitution is addressed from the point of view of households. It is argued that the most conventional measure of currency substitution, namely the ratio of foreigncurrency denomin...

The literature on the South African family and its response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is rife with accounts of men that reflect a deficit model of male involvement. Few acknowledge the historical, economic and social complexities of male involvement in family life. As the South African family undergoes demographic, social and economic transformation there is a need to describe the range of roles...

OBJECTIVE To describe associations between demographic and individual and area-level socio-economic variables and restricted household food access due to lack of money, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car to do food shopping. DESIGN Multilevel study of three measures of restricted food access, i.e. running out of money to buy food, inability to lift groceries and lack of a...