Rising health care costs in recent years have increased pressures on providers, insurers, and policymakers to monitor the costs, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit of all health care services, including alcohol-related services. Without solid information regarding the economic implications of alcohol-related services, health insurance companies, managed care organizations, and policymakers ma...

This paper deals with the economic evaluation of industrial projects. Some traditional techniques, which have been used by practicing managers or advocated by academics, become questionable in the face of modern developments in finance theory. The objective of this paper is to examine how these modern developments in finance theory are applied to project evaluation. The paper is divided into tw...

Resources used to provide health care are vast but not limitless. When clinicians are asked to participate in decisions for large groups of patients (in a managed care context, in an institution, or at the level of local health authorities), the balance between consumption of resources and the benefits of an intervention is important. Clinicians may use cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit studi...

Procedures for selecting sires are compared in terms of making maximum genetic progress in economic lnerit. A quadratic index, a simplified form of the quadratic index and a linear index to evaluate economic merit, and a restricted index to improve milk as much as possible while holding milk fat percentage constant, all result in nearly equal expected genetic progress in economic merit. Selecti...

Feed costs typically represent more than 50% of total costs of producing milk on a dairy farm. Feed cost savings, even a few dollars per ton, add up to significant savings over a year on a large dairy. For many dairies, a ration-balancing software program that uses linear programming techniques can be used to determine the opportunity cost or price of including a new feed in a ration. However, ...

One of the most important steps in conducting economic evaluation studies is to have a clearly defined research question and scope of study. The present study describes key components used in defining the scope of economic evaluation study and selecting comparators. All relevant recommendations from international economic evaluation guidelines were reviewed and compared. The author recommends t...

As we could see in the previous articles of the economic evaluation series, there is a large set of information required for decision makers on health expenditures and outcomes, and the way they spread over time. In order to obtain this information, epidemiological, economic, mathematical and statistical methods are used, but they all have limitations which are inherent to any scientific method...

I. PRINCIPLES OF VALUATION This paper summarizes the principles that are used to evaluate projects from an economic point of view. The term ‘project’ should be thought of in the broadest of senses. It can refer to individual investment projects, like the building of a bridge or a dam. More broadly, it can include general expenditure programs, like education, health care or nutrition spending. O...