the inventive step requirement which purportly secure the growth ofinnovation and resulting industrial and economic development, despite ofcontaining some benefits, always faced with the challenges that in somecases ,such challenges are in opposition with the bases of patents system andindicates that ,patents system do not beneficial always. analysis of saidchallenges studied upon the economica...

The constantly growing body of scholarly knowledge of science, technology, and humanities is an asset of the mankind. While new discoveries expand the existing knowledge, they may simultaneously render some of it obsolete. It is crucial for scientists and other stakeholders to keep their knowledge up to date. Policy makers, decision makers, and the general public also need an efficient communic...

the article depicts the situation before cold war in which developing countries (dcs) and least developed countries (ldcs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of gatt . therefore, they resorted to unctad  as the sole defender of their interests against developed countries in trade negotiations. unctad has ...

pharmaceutical inventions are considered as the most challengers of intellectual property issue. the principal reasons of these are essential function of pharmaceutical in human life and health in addition to its high economic value. there are several challenges between developing and developed countries in the field of pharmaceutical patent; however, a new challenge has been caused so-called “...