F rom the viewpoint of economic theories, total factor productivity (TFP) is the most important component that leads to economic growth and development. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge-based economy on total factor productivity in the member countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. For this purpose, the panel data regression analysis ha...

Background: Female infertility varies widely by geographic location around the world. In 2010, there was an estimated 48.5 million infertile couples worldwide, and from 1990 to 2010 there was slight change in levels of infertility in most of the world. In 2010, the countries with the lowest rates of female infertility included the South American countries of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Bolivia, ...

f rom the viewpoint of economic theories, total factor productivity (tfp) is the most important component that leads to economic growth and development. the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge-based economy on total factor productivity in the member countries of the middle east and north africa (mena) region. for this purpose, the panel data regression analysis ha...

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is the most widespread and economically important disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in tropical Africa. A disease of cassava was first described in East Africa in the nineteenth century (Warburg, 1894) and cassava mosaic, as it came to be called, was subsequently reported as spreading throughout the cassava-growing areas of Central and West Africa (Calve...

Tajikistan is a hotspot of plant and animal species diversity and endemism andis important for the conservation of biodiversity on a global scale. The country is located ata biological crossroads. Species from Central and Northern Europe, Central Asia, theMiddle East, and North Africa mingle here with endemics found nowhere else. Therichness of Tajikistan‘s biodiversity shows up at the genetic,...

ing infections in humans is genetically indistinguishable from the virus found in Arabian camels (dromedaries) in the Middle East. Although no primary human case of MERS was reported outside the Arabian Peninsula, camel populations in Africa are known to have high prevalence of antibodies against MERS-CoV. We carried out surveillance for MERS-CoV in dromedaries in Africa and Central Asia. By ME...

Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected outside the Brazilian southern region remains unknown. HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences isolated in the...