In this study, ITS–rDNA region was used to identify some anamorphic powdery mildews in Guilan province. According to the results, Erysiphe species on Vicia faba and Sesbania punicea showed 100% similarity to each other, however, without ITS sequence of holotype of E. sesbaniae it is impossible to make conclusion whether Vicia faba powdery mildew fungus actually belongs to E. sesbaniae or E. tri...

The advanced E-Region Wind Interferometer (ERWIN II) combines the imaging capabilities of a CCD detector with the wide field associated with field-widened Michelson interferometry. This instrument is capable of simultaneous multi-directional wind observations for three different airglow emissions (oxygen green line (O(1S)) at a height of ∼ 97 km, the PQ(7) and PP(7) emission lines in the O2(0–1...

Multi-frequency observations of E-region coherent backscatter from decametre waves reveal that auroral echoes tend to comprise two spectral components superimposed, one at low Doppler shifts, below 250 m s−1, and the other Doppler shifted to near the ion-acoustic speed or above, up to 800 m s−1. The low Doppler shift component occurs at all look directions; Doppler shifts near the ion acoustic ...

omotopy analysis method (ham) is a promising method for handling func-tional equations. recent publications proved the eectiveness of ham in solvingwide variety of problems in dierent elds. ham has a unique property whichmakes it superior to other analytic methods, this property is its ability to con-trol the convergence region of the solution series. in this work, we claried theadvantages ...

This paper presents more data on the properties of type-1 irregularities in the nighttime midlatitude E-region ionosphere. The measurements were made with a 50-MHz Doppler radar system operating in Crete, Greece. The type-1 echoes last from several seconds to a few minutes and are characterized by narrow Doppler spectra with peaks corresponding to wave phase velocities of 250–350 m/s. The avera...

Radars frequently receive strong returns from naturally occurring plasma density irregularities centered around 100 km altitude in the atmosphere. These E-region ionospheric irregularities occur when electrojet polarization electric fields drive plasma instabilities, most commonly the Farley–Buneman (FB) and gradient drift instabilities. This paper presents results from two fully kinetic, 2D si...

Ionospheric two-stream waves and gradient-drift waves nonlinearly drive a large-scale (D.C.) current in the E-region ionosphere. This current ows parallel to, and with a comparable magnitude to, the fundamental Pedersen current. The underlying mechanism is quite simple. E-region plasma waves generate oscillating electric elds causing electrons to ~ E ~ B drift perpendicular to the wave's propag...

In this paper we present an approximation algorithm for solving the following optimal motion planning problem: Given a planar space composed of triangular regions , each of which is associated with a positive unit weight, and two points s and t, nd a path from s to t with the minimum weight, where the weight of a path is deened to be the weighted sum of the lengths of the sub-paths within each ...

In November 1999 the EISCAT high-power, high-frequency (HF) facility located near Tromsø, Norway, was used to create artificial plasma turbulence in the ionosphere. During the experiment the EISCAT 224 MHz radar and sometimes the 931 MHz radar were used to obtain measurements of incoherent scatter ion and plasma lines, and artificially enhanced spectra of E-region plasma waves were measured for...