One of the fundamental principles of neuroscience is that direct electrical interactions between neurons are not possible without specialized electrical contacts, gap junctions, because the transmembrane resistance of neurons is typically much higher than the resistance of the adjacent extracellular space. However it has been proposed that in the retina direct electrical interactions between co...

During nervous system development, neurons form synaptic contacts with distant target cells. These connections are formed by the extension of axonal processes along predetermined pathways. Axon outgrowth is directed by growth cones located at the tips of these neuronal processes. Although the behavior of growth cones has been well-characterized in vitro, it is difficult to observe growth cones ...

The fracture and crack growth of mechanical structures is a usual phenomenon which is due to the application of tensile, cyclic loading or thermal stresses on the structure. So introducing of methods to prevent the crack growth is useful. Afterward, one of the repairing methods of crack growth, consisting to make a hole in the crack tip to elimi-nate the sharp corners, was explained. This metho...

Rapid development of engineering activities expands through a variety of rock engineering processes such as drilling, blasting, mining and mineral processing. These activities require rock dynamic fracture mechanics method to characterize the rock behavior. Dynamic fracture toughness is an important parameter for the analysis of engineering structures under dynamic loading. Several experimental...

previous evidence has shown that the number of l and m cones in retina varies significantly between subjects. however, it is not clear how the variation of l/m ratio changes the behavioral performance of the subject. a model of transformation of data from retina to visual cortex for evaluation of various l/m cones ratios is presented. while l/m cone ratios close to 1 brings the best performance...

The compressive resistance of truncated nanocone lattices produced by lithography and etching steps on Si or Ge wafers to get superhydrophobic antireflective light-transmitting windows, as well the protection efficiency alumina diamond coatings, is investigated numerical simulations elastic buckling, nanocompression tests. latter reveal limits an analysis, since stress at top cones high enough ...

The behavior of axonal growth cones on surfaces with patterned variations in substratum was observed. Cells from sensory ganglia of 8-day-old chicken embryos were cultured on plastic petri dishes, plastic tissue culture dishes, and polyornithine-coated tissue culture dishes, all of which contained gridlike patterns of palladium (Pd) deposition. The results indicated that growth cones elongated ...

AIM To determine the possible residual antibacterial effects and possible surface changes caused by 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 0.05% Octenisept on in vitro gutta-percha points after different disinfection protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 121 standard # 40, 0.2% gutta-percha cones were cut 10 mm from the tip, sterilized with ethylene oxide. The samples were divided into fiv...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe a previously unreported manifestation of the optical Stiles-Crawford effect (oSCE) in normal eyes. METHODS In a cohort of 50 normal subjects, the directional reflectance of cones in the retinal periphery was explored by flood-illuminated adaptive optics (FIAO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS In 32 eyes (64%), off-axis FIAO im...