The revised hierarchical model of bilingualism (e.g., Kroll & Stewart, 1994) assumes that second language (L2) words primarily access semantics through their first language (L1) translation equivalents. Consequently, backward translation from L2 to L1 should not imply semantic access but occurs through lexical wordform associations. However, recent research with Dutch-French bilinguals showed t...

A dual-halo dual-dielectric triple-material cylindrical-gate-all-around/surrounding gate (DH-DD-TM-CGAA/SG) MOSFET has been proposed and an analytical model for the transconductance-to-drain current ratio (TDCR) has been developed. It is verified that incorporation of dual-halo with dual-dielectric and triple-material results in enhancing the device performance in terms of improved TDCR. The ef...

One of the main concerns of scholars working in the field of EAP over the last 2decades has been raising the awareness of EAP students and publishers of genreconventions in academic journals. In line with the above concern, many studies haveaimed at exploring the general characteristics of research articles (RAs) in the field.Among these features, it seems that the generic moves and textuality ...

Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically 'sounding out' words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combin...

This paper describes a characters-based Chinese collocation system and discusses the advantages of it over a traditiolml word-based systcm. Since wordbreaks are not conventionally marked in Chinese text corpora, a character-based collocation system has the dual advantages of avoiding pre-proccssing distortion and directly accessing sub-lexical information. Furthermore, word-based collocational ...

The microstructure of dual phase steels can be considered as a matrix of ferrite phase reinforced by martensite particles. Recent measurements show that the mechanical properties of the ferrite phase are changed with the distance from the martensite grains. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to consider this phenomenon in finite element modeling of dual phase steels microstructure. I...

Abstract We introduce the blueprint of Ontogenesis Model L2 Lexical Representation (OM) that focuses on development lexical representations. The OM has three dimensions: linguistic domains (phonological, orthographic, and semantic), mappings between domains, networks model assumes fuzziness is a pervasive property lexicon: most representations are low resolution ontogenetic curve their does not...

the dual fuel engines at part loads inevitably suffer from lower thermal efficiency and higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. this work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (dieselgas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. the authors developed software in whi...

In this study we examined how the introduction of a parallel finger-tapping task influences second language speech (L2) encoding mechanisms and monitoring processes and how the level of proficiency impacts the efficiency and accuracy of L2 performance under single and dual task conditions. The results indicated that imposing dual task demands has a negative effect on the accuracy of lexical sel...