Abstract Before use, timber must have reduced moisture content. Kiln drying causes cracking risk. This study aims to evaluate the risk of during beech wood samples using response surface methodology. Additionally, we aim develop an empirical model that describes critical tensile stress early stages and air parameters commonly used in kiln-drying schedules for timber, specifically, effects dry-b...

BACKGROUND The current typical drying methods for red ginseng are sun drying and hot-air drying. The purpose of this study was to investigate drying characteristics of red ginseng by using far-infrared drying. METHODS The far-infrared drying tests on red ginseng were conducted at two drying stages: (1) high temperature for 24 h drying and (2) low temperature drying until the final moisture co...

The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and structural changes within the Anthraquinones-encapsulated casein micelles (CM) powders were evaluated in this study. For purpose, anthraquinone powder extracted from Aloevera, its freeze-dried (FDP) whole leaf Aloe vera gel (WLAG) has been encapsulated CM through ultrasonication prior to spray dying produce nanocapsules: (CMAQP), (CMFDP) Whole aloe (CMWLAG...

Vacuum drying of Salicornia herbacea L. was performed at different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) to evaluate the drying characteristics and the effect of drying temperatures on the quality of Salicornia. As the drying temperature increased, the drying time decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The drying rate decreased with decrease in moisture content and increase in drying time. On ...

Prior to registration of crop protection products (CPPs) their persistence in soil has to be determined under defined conditions. For this purpose, soils are collected in the field and stored for up to 3 months prior to the tests. During storage, stresses like drying may induce changes in microbiological soil characteristics (MSCs) and thus may influence CPP degradation rates. We investigated t...

Some nematodes can survive almost complete desiccation by entering an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis requiring the accumulation of protective molecules such as trehalose and LEA proteins. However, it is not known how anhydrobiotic organisms sense and regulate the response to water loss. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly conserved signalling proteins that regulate adapt...

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins were first described about 30 years ago as accumulating in plant seeds during late stages of embryogenesis. Later they were also found in vegetative plant tissues, especially after exposure to abiotic stresses and in several desiccation tolerant bacteria and invertebrates. Most LEA proteins are IDPs under physiological conditions and many fold upon dry...

AIMS The aim of this study was to optimize survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during spray-drying and subsequent storage through optimizing the pH of growth conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell concentrates previously grown without or with pH controlled were spray-dried and stored at 20 degrees C and heat treated at 57 degrees C. Cells grown under noncontrolled pH were mo...

The shrinkage mechanisms of portland cement paste were investigated from shrinkage, weight loss, and pore structure measurements using nitrogen sorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Thin samples (2.3 mm) of well-hydrated (165 d) pastes of 0.4 and 0.6 water-to-cement (W/C) ratios were dried directly from saturated surface dry state to 75%, SO%, 11%, and 0% relative humidity (rh). Fro...