Land–atmosphere (LA) interactions play a critical role in determining the diurnal evolution of both planetary boundary layer (PBL) and land surface heat andmoisture budgets, aswell as controlling feedbackswith clouds and precipitation that lead to the persistence of dry and wet regimes. In this study, the authors examine the impact of improved specification of land surface states, anomalies, an...

Power represents the ability to perform movements at high speed, or the possibility of developing high strength in a short time. More than sixty years ago the relationship between power, strength and speed of muscle contraction was described by Hill [1]. Swimming performance is a multi-factorial phenomenon depending upon energetics, biomechanics, hydrodynamics, anthropometrics and strength para...

Waterlogging reduces shoot and root growth and final yield of wheat. Waterlogged sites have a combination of low slope, high rainfall, heavy texture and low permeability. This study was aimed the importance of waterlogging on root growth and wheat yield. In order to study the effects of different waterlogging duration (0, 10, 20 and 30 days) at growth stages (1-leaf stage, tillering stage and s...

Agricultural resources such as barley, wheat, and corn were hydrolyzed by commercial amylolytic enzymes and fermented into lactic acid by Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. Although no additional nutrients were supplemented to those resources, lactic acid productivities were obtained at >0.8 g/l h from barley and wheat. When 200 g/l of whole wheat flour was hydrolyzed by amylolytic enzymes after the p...

Diagnosing the status of crop nitrogen (N) helps to optimize crop yield, improve N use efficiency, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The objectives of the present study were to develop a critical N (Nc) dilution curve for winter wheat (based on spike dry matter [SDM] during the reproductive growth period), to compare this curve with the existing Nc dilution curve (based on plant d...

The effects of ispaghula and wheat bran on the contents of the caecum and proximal and distal colon of the rat were investigated to identify any differences that might account for their effects on colonic motility. Rats fed diets supplemented with 5% ispaghula and 10% wheat bran for 28 days were killed and the contents of the gut collected. Caecal and colonic content wet and dry weight and shor...