The efficient market hypothesis states that investors immediately incorporate all available information into the price of an asset to accurately reflect its value at any given time. The sheer volume of information immediately available electronically makes it difficult for a single investor to keep abreast of all information for a single stock, let alone multiple. We aim to determine how quickl...

The introduction makes up for the mandatory abstract.

CONTEXT Recently approved drugs may be more likely to have unrecognized adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than established drugs, but no recent studies have examined how frequently postmarketing surveillance identifies important ADRs. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and timing of discovery of new ADRs described in black box warnings or necessitating withdrawal of the drug from the market. ...

BACKGROUND Using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as a case, we used Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) database, to empirically explore the association between policy interventions (price regulation, new drug entry, and an information shock) and drug expenditures, utilization, and market structure between 2001 and 2004. METHODS All NSAIDs prescribed in ambulatory visits i...

For nearly 25 years, Iranian Pharmaceutical market has been a closed and centrally controlled one. Although some initiatives have been introduced during the last decade, yet the system is characterized as a closed one and lacks real competition. The current situation of drug in Iran may be characterized as: Intense price control by the Drug Authority i.e. Ministry of Health Ban of d...

The efficient market hypothesis states that an efficient market immediately incorporates all available information into the price of the traded entity. It is well established that the stock market is not an efficient market as it consists of numerous traders with differing strategies and interpretations of information. However there is substantial evidence to suggest that the stock market does ...

Supermarkets and hypermarkets already dominate the markets of some larger cities, and their continued expansion from major cities into smaller cities is expected to further drive competition in the grocery retail sector. Of the various retail channels, hypermarkets are expected to have the most growth potential in the Chinese market and are benefitting from consumer trends toward convenience an...

Most skills acquired through on-the-job training may be specific to an occupation and therefore transferable to some but not all firms. However, economists have typically focused on skills that are either specific to a given firm or skills that are completely general. This paper explores the relationship between the size of the local market for an occupation-specific skill and job-training outc...

A thin market is a market with few buying or selling offers. The concept of market thinness, while general, is typically used in the context of financial markets. When the number of buying or selling offers is small, investors' trading positions are large relative to market size. Trading then requires price concessions and thus exerts an impact on prices. A thin market is characterized by low t...