Microsporidia are single-celled intracellular parasites which occur in a number of animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Several species of microsporidia can cause disease in humans in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. However, the sources of human infection and the routes of transmission of microsporidia have not yet been fully determined, although more and more re...

This study investigates the effect of biochar as an additive on anaerobic digestion poultry droppings from layers and broilers. Six digesters (A, B, C, D, E, F) with dry weight content 100% layer wastes (control), broiler 95% + 5% biochar, 90% 10% were used for 31 days. The respective cumulative biogas yields waste 17.9 L, 17.7 21.8 22.6 21.3 22.0 L. revealed that addition increased yield both ...

The use of noninvasive methods for measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites is a useful tool for endocrine assessment particularly in studies where animals cannot be captured, when they should be sampled without disturbing their activities, and/or when welfare needs to be maximized. However, still no complete standardization exists for the methodology, and some confounding variables may play ...

children raises the possibility of respiratory infection, as previously reported in man and birds. The oocvst is small enough to be carried by dust. Much of the inhaled dust (possibly in the form of dried poultry litter) is undoubtedly cleared from the tracheobronchial mucosa by the cilia. It is then swallowed and enters the gastrointestinal tract. Many families in Bangladesh keep their poultry...

The rapid increase in production of ethanol from corn and other grains has resulted in growing quantities of byproducts, primarily distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The use of DDGS in poultry diets is not new, but the supply of product encourages the use of higher percentages than has typically been used in the past. As greater quantities are used in the diet, it becomes increasingl...

Filth-inhabiting flies are capable of transmitting at least 30 human diseases. Poultry droppings are of special significance as one of the major sources of fly breeding, particularly when birds are maintained in wire cages. At least 24 species of Ries belonging to 14 families breed in chicken manure in Hawaii (Tanada, et al, 1950). Musca domestica (L.) is the predominant species, yet there are ...

Introduction Water constitute about 60-80% of body weight of a chicken. Underground water in many parts of the country is saline in nature (1). A poor quality of drinking water may result in wet droppings and decreased feed efficiency. Aflatoxins (AF) are the most common contaminants of animal feed and feedstuffs. There are reports describing the interaction of aflatoxins with other substances....

Ervil (Vicia ervilia) seeds are produced in the Mediterranean region and used as a source of protein for cattle and poultry. The methods used to assess the toxic effects of legume seeds in the feed of poultry include the observation of one or more parameters, including abnormal signs, weight gain, feed consumption, gall bladder weight, pancreas weight, pancreas proteolytic and amylase activity,...