This paper presents an extension to Hoare logic for pointer program verification. First, the Logic for Partial Function (LPF) used by VDM is extended to specify memory access using pointers and memory layout of composite types. Then, the concepts of data-retrieve functions (DRF) and memory-scope functions (MSF) are introduced in this paper. People can define DRFs to retrieve abstract values fro...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the main steps of renographic technique and underline some pitfalls related to the acquisition, processing and interpretation of diuretic renography, an important method for guiding the management of asymptomatic congenital hydronephrosis. METHODS Despite guidelines and consensus protocols, renographic procedures differ among centres, causing difficulties in comparison an...

Russell's vipers containing hemotoxic and neurotoxic venom commonly cause snake envenomation. Horse-derived antivenom is a specific antidote, but its production is expensive and has side effects. Developing a cost-effective and more tolerable therapeutic strategy is favorable. In this study, using glutaraldehyde-attenuated Daboia russelii formosensis (DRF) venom proteins to immunize chickens, p...

Many treatment methods exist for patients presenting with a fracture of the distal radius. With the evolution of innovative procedures and devices, treatment of these particular fractures is shifting to more contemporary approaches. The minimally invasive technique with the cross-pin fixator (CPX) system offers a new biomechanical concept for relatively rigid fixation of distal radius fractures...

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is a leading climate warming agent, yet uncertainties on the global direct radiative forcing (DRF) remain large. Here we expand a global model simulation (GEOS-Chem) of BC to include the absorption enhancement associated with BC coating and separately treat both the aging and physical properties of fossil-fuel and biomass-burning BC. In addition we develop a global...

In this paper, we introduce a new Random Forest (RF) induction algorithm called Dynamic Random Forest (DRF) which is based on an adaptative tree induction procedure. The main idea is to guide the tree induction so that each tree will complement as much as possible the existing trees in the ensemble. This is done here through a resampling of the training data, inspired by boosting algorithms, an...

Object detection in images is a very active research topic in many disciplines. Probabilistic methods have been applied to the problem with varying degrees of success. A logistic classifier, Markov random field (MRF), and discriminative Random Field (DRF) were used for the detection of man-made structures in natural images. It was found that the MRF and DRF models were often improvements over t...

Diamond Ring Fiber (DRF) is proposed to allow a high percentage of evanescent field exposure while maintaining low confinement loss. It provides a long and protected medium for light-matter interaction and large cavities to ease the infiltration of sensing elements. DRFs with different waveguide parameters have been analyzed theoretically and fabricated using a stack-and-draw fiber drawing tech...

We investigate Discriminative Random Fields (DRF) which provide a principled approach for combining local discriminative classifiers that allow the use of arbitrary overlapping features, with adaptive data-dependent smoothing over the label field. We discuss the differences between a traditional Markov Random Field (MRF) formulation and the DRF model, and compare the performance of the two mode...