The bottom-up processing of visual information is strongly influenced by top-down signals, at least part of which is thought to be conveyed from the frontal cortex through the frontal eye field (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Here we investigated the architecture of multisynaptic pathways from the frontal cortex to the middle temporal area (MT) of the dorsal visual stream and vi...

background vermilion irregularities are common secondary deformities after cleft lip repair, regressed or resected hemangiomas, trauma and tumor surgeries. vermilion deficiency attracts considerable attention and detracts from an otherwise excellent lip repair. minor and moderate vermilion defects can be corrected with upper lip advancement, rotation flaps, tongue flaps or grafts. major defects...

Development of effective in vitro human lip models, specific to the vermilion epithelium, has not progressed as much that skin and oral mucosa/gingiva models vitro. Our histologic examination demonstrated a Japanese macaque (male, 7 years 9 months old) had distinct from adjacent mucosa, resembling histological characteristics lip. Therefore, this study, we examined gene expression profile three...

Objectives: One of the factors predicting language impairments is an early limited lexicon in children. An early limited lexicon can also lead to limited performances in other language areas. This study was aimed to examine receptive and expressive vocabulary in 8-16 month-old children with cleft lip and palate as a predictor of development in other language areas. Materials: The MacArthur-Bat...