Current recommendations for the treatment of tuberculosis emphasize the use of short‐course multidrug chemotherapy under proper supervision. Since the mid‐ 1990s the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted directly observed treatment short‐course (DOTS) as the global strategy of treating tuberculosis (1). The DOTS strategy has been shown to increase cure rates, reduce the risk of emergence...

Background: Quantum dots are commonly composed of cadmium contained semiconductors. Cadmium is potentially hazardous but toxicity of such quantum dots is not yet systematically investigated. On the other hand, in vitro studies have shown almost complete control of CdSe induced cytotoxicity by ZnS coverage. Toxicity of CdSe quantum dots and controlling this toxicity by ZnS coverage in immature m...

–Directly Observed Therapy Strategy (DOTS) -Plus is a part of DOTS program that adds approach for multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) diagnosis, management, and treatment. WHO approved DOTS-Plus program began in 2000 and was established to encourage access to high quality second line drugs for appropriate use in MDR-TB control programs. The top priority is to prevent the emergence of MDR...

BACKGROUND In India, the Revised National TB control programme (RNTCP) offers free diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB), based on the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the experience and consequences of having TB on patients enrolled in DOTS and their caretakers in Tumkur district, located in a southern state of India,...

BACKGROUND With evolving evidence of association between tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco smoking, recommendations for the inclusion of tobacco cessation interventions in TB care are becoming increasingly important and more widely disseminated. Connecting TB and tobacco cessation interventions has been strongly advocated as this may yield better outcomes. However, no study has documented the impac...

Carbon dots exhibit great potential in applications such as molecular imaging and in vivo molecular tracking. However, how to enhance fluorescence intensity of carbon dots has become a great challenge. Herein, we report for the first time a new strategy to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) with high quantum yields by using ribonuclease A (RNase A) as a biomolecular templating agent un...

The FC/TC cooperative programme was designed to support the fight against tuberculosis (TB) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), formerly North West Frontier Province (NWFP), and in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in accordance with the DOTS strategy (directly observed treatment, short-course) recommended by the WHO. The elements of the Financial Cooperation (FC) included the procurement ...

A recent trend in color halftoning is to explicitly control color overlapping, dot positioning and dot coloring in different stages of the halftoning process. As feature-preserving multiscale error diffusion (FMED) shows its capability and flexibility in dot positioning in both binary and multi-level halftoning applications, naturally it becomes a potential candidate in the development of new c...