Hormesis, a dose-response phenomenon characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition, has been the object of controversy due to its challenging of basic understandings of the dose-response relationship and implications for risk assessment. The author addresses issues relating to the definition of hormesis, the relationship of hormesis to risk assessment and risk management, a...

introduction computed tomography scans are a very important tool for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment in the practice of medicine. ionizing radiation in medical imaging is undoubtedly one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in medicine. yet, as with all medical interventions, there are potential risks in addition to the clear potential benefits. materials and methods two refe...

Accurate measurement and knowledge of dose delivered under eye shield during superficial X-ray radiotherapy is required for patient peripheral dose assessment. Critical structures can include the cornea, lens and retina. Measurement of dose under eye shields has been historically performed with Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD's) due to their small size and design. Restrictions include the ene...