BACKGROUND Despite the development of advanced drug testing systems, both deliberate and inadvertent doping in sports is increasing in elite, amateur and school sports. As a result, alternative approaches that seek to influence an athlete's attitudes are needed to address the growing doping concerns that threaten both the health and well being of the athlete as well as the legitimacy of the spo...

Nutrition and doping issues are rarely studied in the sport of tennis. The aims of this investigation were to determine knowledge on doping (KD) and knowledge on sport nutrition (KSN), and corresponding socio-demographic-, sport-, and sport-nutrition- and doping-factors among an international sample of high-level tennis players of both sexes (43 females; 22 years old on average). In the first p...

Surface charge transfer is presented as an effective doping technique for III−V nanostructures. We generalize that the technique is applicable to nanoscale semiconductors in the limit where carriers are quantum confined. As a proof-of-concept, potassium surface charge transfer doping is carried out for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) InAs on Si/SiO2 substrates. Experiments and sim...

OBJECTIVES To examine the attitudes to, and knowledge of, doping in sport of French general practitioners (GPs), and their contact with drug taking athletes on an everyday basis. METHODS A total of 402 GPs were randomly selected from all over France and interviewed by telephone, using a prepared script. RESULTS The response rate was 50.5% (153 men and 49 women; mean (SD) age 45.6 (5.6) year...

In high-transition-temperature superconducting cuprates and iron arsenides, chemical doping plays an important role in inducing superconductivity. Whereas in the cuprate case, the dominant role of doping is to inject charge carriers, the role for the iron arsenides is complex owing to carrier multiplicity and the diversity of doping. Here, we present a comparative study of the in-plane resistiv...

Wide-band-gap II-VI semiconductors have a potential for a variety of applications especially in the areas of light-emitting and light-detecting devices, photovoltaic conversion (solar cells), X-ray and "t--ray detection, etc. In all applications, a good bipolar electrical conduction, i.e. efficient doping from both nand p-side is essential, but due to the reasons which are not yet fully underst...

This study aimed to assess pharmacy students’ knowledge about doping substances used in sport, explore their attitudes toward doping and investigate their misuse of doping drugs. A questionnaire was developed and employed to collect data from bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) students at the International University for Science and Technology (IUST). Two-hundred and eighty students participated in ...

The possibility of reliable and reproducible p-type doping of (31 l)A GaAs by Si during molecular-beam epitaxial growth and the application of such doping in the realization of high-performance electronic devices have been investigated. It is seen that p-type doping upto a free hole concentration of 4~ lOI cmB3 can be obtained under conditions of low As, flux and high ()660 “C) growth temperatu...