Increased river loads are projected as one of the major consequences of climate change in the northern hemisphere, leading to elevated inputs of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to coastal ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated DOM on a coastal pelagic food web from the coastal northern Baltic Sea, in a 32-day mesocosm e...

Many WWW applications generate HTML or XML documents dynamically. Current tools, however, like languages using DOM or JAVA Server Pages do not allow to check the validity of the generated documents statically. Instead, validity has to be “checked” dynamically by appropriate test runs. This paper addresses this problem by introducing a new distinct class for each element type of a DTD. Each clas...

This investigation into the occurrence, character, and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in treatment wetlands in the western United States shows that (i) the nature of DOM in the source water has a major influence on transformations that occur during treatment, (ii) the climate factors have a secondary effect on transformations, (iii) the wetlands receiving treated wastewater ca...

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the largest reservoirs of reduced carbon on Earth. In the dark ocean (4200m), most of this carbon is refractory DOM. This refractory DOM, largely produced during microbial mineralization of organic matter, includes humic-like substances generated in situ and detectable by fluorescence spectroscopy. Here we show two ubiquitous humic-like fluorophor...

Methylmercury (MeHg) is the only species of mercury (Hg) to biomagnify in aquatic food-webs to levels that are a widespread concern for human and ecological health. Here we investigate the association between dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater and Hg speciation and uptake using experimental data and field measurements from Long Island Sound (LIS) and the Northwestern Atlantic continenta...

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key source of carbon and nutrients to microbial life in the oceans, but rapid biological utilization of labile DOM confounds its compositional characterization. In order to characterize potentially bioavailable DOM produced by phytoplankton, DOM from axenic cultures of Thalassiosira pseudonana cultivated in phosphorus (P) replete and low P conditions w...

There are only very few natural ways in which arbitrary functions can be combined. One composition operator is override: for arbitrary functions f and g, f > g is the function with domain dom( f) U dom(g) that behaves like f on dom( f) and like g on dom(g) \ dom( f ) . Another operator is update: f[g] has the same domain as f, behaves like f on dom( f) \ dom(g), and like g on dom( f) n dom(g). ...

(1) For all real numbers a, b such that max(a,b)≤ a holds max(a,b) = a. (2) For all real numbers a, b, c, d holds max(a+ c,b+d)≤ max(a,b)+max(c,d). (3) For all real numbers a, b, c, d, e, f such that a ≤ b + c and d ≤ e + f holds max(a,d) ≤ max(b,e)+max(c, f ). (4) For all finite sequences f , g holds domg ⊆ dom( f a g). (5) For all finite sequences f , g such that len f < i and i≤ len f + leng...

Providing efficient access to XML documents is crucial, as XML has become the most important technique to exchange data in WWW. DOM is a popular object-oriented user interface to manipulate XML documents. Several concurrency control protocols have been proposed for DOM by analyzing the read/write behaviors of DOM operations. However, none of them exploit the semantics of DOM operations for enha...

The aims of our study were to compare the dominant (DOM) and non-dominant (NDOM) shoulders of high-level volleyball athletes and identify possible associations of shoulder adaptations with spike speed (SS) and shoulder pathology. A total of 22 male volleyball players from two teams participating in the first division of the Cypriot championship underwent clinical shoulder tests and simple measu...