Description Logics (DLs) play a central role as formalisms for representing ontologies and reasoning about them. This lecture introduces the basics of DLs. We discuss the knowledge modeling capabilities of some of the most prominent DLs, including expressive ones, and present some DL reasoning services. Particular attention is devoted to the query answering problem, and to the increasingly popu...

Fuzzy Description Logics (fuzzy DLs) have been proposed as a language to describe structured knowledge with vague concepts. In [23], a solution based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming has been proposed to deal with fuzzy DLs under Łukasiewicz semantics in which typical membership functions, such as triangular and trapezoidal functions, can be explicitly represented in the language. A major th...

The rat dorsolateral striatum (DLS) has been implicated in habit formation. Previous studies in our laboratory found that as animals acquired a motor habit or remained goal-directed, tested by reward devaluation, the vast majority of DLS neurons decreased firing rates during the same responses over training days. However, mixed results have been reported in the literature regarding whether DLS ...

MOTIVATION Massive amounts of genome-wide gene expression data have become available, motivating the development of computational approaches that leverage this information to predict gene function. Among successful approaches, supervised machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), have shown superior prediction accuracy. However, these methods lack the simple biological in...

Songcan Chen Qun Dai (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P.R.China, 210016) Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +86-25-8489-2805, Fax: +86-25-84498069 Abstract: As a generalization to multi-layer perceptron (MLP), circular back-propagation neural network (CBP) possesses better adaptability. On...

To represent and reason about contextualized knowledge often two-dimensional Description Logics (DLs) are employed, where one DL is used to describe contexts (or possible worlds) and the other DL is used to describe the objects, i.e. the relational structure of the specific contexts. Previous approaches for DLs of context that combined pairs of DLs resulted in undecidability in those cases wher...

Devil's lenses (DLs) were recently proposed as a new kind of kinoform lens in which the phase structure is characterized by the "devil's staircase" function. DLs are considered fractal lenses because they are constructed following the geometry of the triadic Cantor set and because they provide self-similar foci along the optical axis. Here, DLs are generalized allowing the inclusion of polyadic...

[D-Lys3]-Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6 (DLS) is widely utilized in vivo and in vitro as a selective ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) antagonist. Unexpectedly, we identified that DLS also has the ability to block CXCL12 binding and activity through CXCR4 on T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, as CXCR4 has been shown to act as a major co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into CD...

The pitch dynamics seem to be based on the pitch thresholds (DLs) between the Vowels, V and CV, and also CV and CV. In this study, the DLs were measured for discrimination of pitch (fundamental frequency) of complex tone, Japanese Vowel (V) and Consonance-Vowel (CV) speech. A nominal F0 of complex tone was 170 Hz and the pitch of V and CV speech were resynthesized same as 170Hz. Tone was band-p...

A decent linear space (DLS) is a linear space (or PBD of index 1) without lines of size 1 or 2; see Beth, Jungnickel, and Lenz [l] for background and definitions. We denote the maximal line size of a DLS by k and write DLS(k), then; if we also want to specify the number u of points, we use the notation DLS(k; v). We always assume all linear spaces to be non-trivial, i.e., u # k. We shall be con...