Assuming two quantum states of spontaneous parametric downconversion carrying orbital angular momentum, one may ask the question what is the minimum probability of error in identifying between two of these biphoton states by an arbitrary physical measurement over the biphoton state generated. While correctly chosen geometries may lead to perfect distinguishability of modes, it is worth noticing...

Two statements by von Neumann and a thought-experiment by Peres prompts a discussion on the notions of one-shot distinguishability, orthogonality, semi-permeable diaphragm, and their thermodynamic implications. In the first part of the paper, these concepts are defined and discussed, and it is explained that one-shot distinguishability and orthogonality are contradictory assumptions, from which...

From statistical distinguishability of probability distributions, one can define distinguishability of quantum states. A corresponding measurement to perform, optimal in a definite sense, for distinguishing between two given states ρA and ρB, has been derived by Fuchs and Caves. We show that the Bures-Uhlmann geodesic through the two states singles out this measurement. The geodesic ‘bounces’ a...

In this article we study relationship between three measures of distinguishability of quantum states called as divergence [JRS02], relative entropy and the substate property [JRS02].

In this paper we analyze the (im)possibility of the exact distinguishability of orthogonal multipartite entangled states under restricted local operation and classical communication. Based on this local distinguishability analysis we propose a new scheme for quantum secret sharing (QSS). Our QSS scheme is quite general and cost efficient compared to other schemes. In our scheme no joint quantum...

A difficulty in the development and testing of psychological models is that they are typically evaluated solely on their ability to fit experimental data, with little consideration given to their ability to fit other possible data patterns. By examining how well model A fits data generated by model B, and vice versa (a technique that we call landscaping), much safer inferences can be made about...

The following comments are from the book Quantum Mechanics by Claude CohenTannoudji, Bernard Diu, and Franck Laloë. Identical particles: definition Two particles are said to be identical if all their intrinsic properties (mass, spin, charge, etc.) are exactly the same: no experiment can distinguish one from the other. Thus, all electrons in the universe are identical, as are all the protons and...

k-reversible languages are regular ones that offer interesting properties under the point of view of identification of formal languages in the limit. Different methods have been proposed to identify k-reversible languages in the limit from positive samples. Non-regular language classes have been reduced to regular reversible languages in order to solve their associated learning problems. In thi...

We use the Holevo information to estimate distinguishability of microstates of a black hole in anti-de Sitter space by measurements one can perform on a subregion of a Cauchy surface of the dual conformal field theory. We find that microstates are not distinguishable at all until the subregion reaches a certain size and that perfect distinguishability can be achieved before the subregion covers...