In non-diabetic adult patients, hypoglycaemia may be related to drugs, critical illness, cortisol or glucagon insufficiency, non-islet cell tumour, insulinoma, or it may be surreptitious. Nevertheless, some hypoglycaemic episodes remain unexplained, and inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) should be considered, particularly in cases of multisystemic involvement. In children, IEM are considered a d...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Lipid Disorders in CKD: nature and underlying molecular mechanisms 3.1. Dyslipidemia of CKD and ESRD 3.1.1. Alterations in triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism 3.1.2. Alterations in cholesterol and low density lipoprotein metabolism 3.1.3. Alterations in high density lipoprotein metabolism 4. Summary and perspective 5. Acknowledgements 6. Refe...

Uric acid is the product of purine metabolism and its increased levels result in hyperuricemia. A number of epidemiological reports link hyperuricemia with multiple disorders, such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Recent studies also showed that expression and functional changes of urate transporters are associated with hyperuricemia. Uric acid transporters are divided ...

The antipsychotic drug olanzapine is widely prescribed to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, it often causes unwanted side effects, including diabetes, due to disruption of insulin-dependant glucose metabolism through a mechanism yet to be elucidated. To determine if olanzapine can affect the first step in glucose metabolism - glucose transport inside cells - we investi...

The endocannabinoid system is important in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of inhibiting the endocannabinoid system in type 2 diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of the cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonist, SR141716, on insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were treated with...

background because il2ra is considered a predisposing factor in the incidence of both type i diabetes and multiple sclerosis (ms), and considering that both are autoimmune diseases, some studies suggest a correlation between type i diabetes and ms. objectives the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of type i diabetes among people with ms. patients and methods the study subjects comp...

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin family. As a novel adipokine, it widely presents in the tissues under the condition of metabolic disorders. More and more studies suggest that NGAL might be a marker for a variety of diseases associated with lipid metabolism. It is likely that NGAL plays an important role in obese-inflammation-induced metabolic syndr...

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) and consumed as both food medicine. The present work aimed reveal the arresting hypoglycemic properties of GS leaves on type 2 DM (T2DM) rats meditated by gut microbiota pathway. After administration for 30 days, treatment observably improved abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, lipid profiles, tolerance ...