Over the last decade, it has become clear that organismal form is largely determined by developmental and evolutionary changes in the growth and pattern formation of tissues. Yet, there is little known about how these two integrated processes respond to environmental cues or how they evolve relative to one another. Here, we present the discovery of vestigial wing imaginal discs in worker larvae...

statement of problem: surface staining of resin composite by dietary factors may be modified by the placement of a low-viscosity surface sealant aimed at reducing surface voids and defects occurring after light-curing and polishing. objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the staining effect of various drinks and temperatures on the surface sealant (fortify plus™) sealed on a nano-...

The retinas of certain catfish contain multiple optic discs. This report describes the patterns of optic nerve fibers and optic discs as seen in silver-stained flat mounts, in 11 different families of catfish. As many as 50 optic discs may exist in a single retina, in paired and unpaired combinations, and in slit and ring-like arrays.

Background and aim: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been suggested as a novel technique for decontamination of exposed implant surfaces. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aPDT on sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs contaminated with Eikenella corrodens (Ec) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, twenty...

compare the effect of different ceramic thicknesses on degree of conversion (dc) of 3 light-cured resin cements. methods: in this experimental in-vitro study, the degree of conversion of three light-cured resin cements, variolink veneer (ivoclar, liechtenstein), relyx veneer (3m espe, usa) and choice2 (bisco, usa) were evaluated beneath feldespatic ceramic discs (vita vmk master) with a same sh...

OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenesis of the pain of discography and the discogenic low back pain. METHODS 19 specimens of lumbar intervertebral discs from 17 patients with discogenic low back pain during posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and 12 physiologically aging discs and 10 normal control discs were collected to investigate the morphologic features and innervation containing neuropeptide...

INTRODUCTION Nerve growth factor (NGF) has an important role in the generation of discogenic pain. We hypothesized that annular rupture is a trigger for discogenic pain through the action of NGF. In this study, the protein levels of NGF in discs from patients with disc herniation were examined and compared with those from discs of patients with other lumbar degenerative disc diseases. METHODS...

Rappaport D., A convex hull algorithm for discs, and applications, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 1 (1992) 171-187. We show that the convex hull of a set of discs can be determined in @(n log n) time. The algorithm is straightforward and simple to implement. We then show that the convex hull can be used to efficiently solve various problems for a set of discs. This includes O(n...

We present the results of a study of propagating warp or bending waves in accretion discs. Three dimensional hydrodynamic simulations were performed using SPH, and the results are compared with calculations based on the linear theory of warped discs. We examine the response of a gaseous disc to an initially imposed warping disturbance under a variety of physical conditions. We consider primaril...