OBJECTIVE It remains unclear whether fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease with positive discography produces better outcomes compared with nonoperative treatment. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with discography-concordant lumbar degenerative disc disease electing for fusion versus nonoperative treatment. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patient...

BACKGROUND No conclusive evidence exists to determine that spinal steroid injections give lasting improvement in patients with predominantly axial low back pain resulting from lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). PURPOSE The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of epidural steroid injections (ESIs) and intradiscal steroid injections (ISIs) in patients who exhibit DDD sympto...

STUDY DESIGN Prospective study of 212 patients with groin pain but without low back pain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate discogenic groin pain without low back pain or radicular pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Patients feel low back pain originating from discogenic disease. It has been reported that the rat lower lumbar discs are innervated mainly by L2 dorsal root ganglion neurons. Thus, it is pos...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important component of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with neurologic diseases, and abnormalities in the color, cellularity, and protein level of the CSF may contribute to or confirm the diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities have to be viewed in the context of the neurologic examination, historical complaints, clinical findings, advanced im...

Starting with the idea that sustainability as a concept can (and should) be applied in field of incidental music, thus, ensuring continuation its life after curtain falls, we argue discography is one main ways which music (like any other type music) preserved and later studied. We (as tool) equals survival (survivability) test this hypothesis on four case studies - compact discs releases compos...