Studies on fairness are at an exciting juncture. There is interest in these topics across a wide range of disciplines and new technology gives the potential for further avenues of research. Perhaps the most recent area of interest addresses the ways in which reactions to inequity in nonhuman species are similar to or different from humans reactions. With this knowledge in hand, we can better un...

We consider a version of PCF, and prove, using both syntactic and semantic means, that the op-erational equivalences of the base language are preserved when the language is extended with sum andproduct types, with polymorphic types, and with recursive types. These theorems show that the additionsto the type systems are orthogonal to the original language.

C luster, defined as a group or bunch in Webster’s dictionary, has different meanings depending on the given discipline. In medicine, for example, a cluster can refer to a severe headache that can occur several times in a day, whereas, in astronomy, clusters are usually associated with stars and galaxies. Clusters also are associated with bombs, music, and computers. However, to physicists and ...

i As the capturing and processing of digital media data becomes increasingly ubiquitous and effortless, multimedia content has penetrated almost every aspect of our life and work, such as education, communication, and even life assistance, and has brought unprecedented challenges as well as opportunities for developing next generation computing and communication platforms. Multimedia applicatio...

Transition is a process of societal change and the consequence of shifting from an unsustainable to a more sustainable state by tackling persistent problems. Transition management is a framework concerned with long term and sustainability-oriented approaches focusing on conceptual learning, reframing and transformative outcomes. In this context, transition models are useful tools to represent t...