High-frequency (HF) radars are routinely used for remotely sensing ocean surface currents. However, the performance of the most widely used direction-finding HF radar is degraded due to the effect of the inevitable deviations of actual antenna pattern on the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we quantify the DOA estimation error resulting from the deviation of the actual ante...

Using homogeneous CCD photometric data from the 105-cm Kiso Schmidt telescope covering a 50 × 50 field, we study the mass functions (MFs) of nine open clusters. The ages and Galactocentric distances of the target clusters vary from 16 2000 Myr and 9-10.8 kpc, respectively. The values of MF slopes vary from -1.1 to -2.1. The classical value derived by Salpeter (1955) for the slope of the IMF is ...

Many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jumps over horizontal basins. On sloping basins, however, few such studies have been performed so that the issue requires more investigation. A significant number of studies has also been conducted on basins with positive slopes but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with negative slopes. This study was carried ...

An “acoustic vector sensor” (also known as a “vector hydrophone” in underwater or sea-surface applications) is composed of three orthogonally oriented uni-axial particle-velocity sensors, plus a “pressure-sensor” (i.e., a microphone or a hydrophone)—all collocated in a point-like spatial geometry. (This collocated setup is versatile for direction finding, because its azimuth-elevation spatial r...

Direction finding is an important issue for bistatic MIMO radar. A two-dimensional direction finding method with automatic pairing is developed. In the presented method, the property of the kronecker product is first utilized to reformulate the cost function in the quadratic form. Then, by constructing the orthogonality constraint of the target DOA to the quadratic form, all target DODs can be ...

Earthquakes are a major external factor that induce landslides. In order to systematically study the dynamic effects and failure mechanism of anti-dip bedding rock slopes (the slope trend is same as joint trend, while dip direction opposite direction) under seismic action (as well spatial structural planes in slopes), three-dimensional (3D) discrete-element numerical calculations were performed...

New methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) image data to measure ocean wave slopes. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slope spectra in both the radar azimuth and range directions. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using conventional SAR intensity-based methods, and with ...

Quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires have been formed in V-grooves on GaAs substrates. A new fabrication technique based on in situ thermal etching of masked substrates and subsequent overgrowth by molecular beam epitaxy has been developed. The device geometries enabled formation of low-resistance ohmic contacts. Two-terminal magnetoresistance measurements of single-wire devices show transport q...