In Japan, the morbidity rate for pertussis per 100,000 population was 147.6 in 1950 when whole cell pertussis vaccine was introduced but dropped to 0.2 in 1972 when routine immunization with a combined vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and whole cell pertussis had been widely accepted. Thereafter, adverse reactions to the whole cell pertussis vaccine became a social probl...

BACKGROUND Parasitic infections are prevalent among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to malaria and/or helminths affects the pattern of infant immune responses to standard vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), diphtheria (DT), hepatitis B (Hep B) and tetanus toxoid (TT). METHODS AND FINDINGS 450 Kenyan women were tested for malaria, ...

Human antibody to diphtheria toxin was analyzed with an ammonium sulfate radioimmunoassay. In 15 immune sera with titers of between 0.03 and 25 units/ml, the avidity was similar to that of U.S. standard antitoxin. The proportion of the post-immunization anti-diphtheria antibody specific for fragment A was variable, but in the 10 sera tested constituted a substantial fraction of the antibody. Ap...

Immune defences are undoubtedly of great benefit to the host, reducing the impact of infectious organisms. However, mounting immune responses also entails costs, which may be measured by inducing immune responses against artificial infections. We injected common eider (Somateria mollissima) females with three different non-pathogenic antigens, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), diphtheria toxoid and...

We studied the interactions of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines used in the World Health Organization expanded programs of immunization. Three groups of Senegalese children were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (HB) alone, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-polio vaccine alone, or a combination of hepatitis B vaccine and DTP-polio vaccines simultaneously. The immune responses to HBsAg...

Enclosed for your consideration for publication in BMC Pediatrics is the original manuscript, “An open-label randomized clinical trial in children of prophylactic paracetamol co-administered with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and hexavalent diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, 3-component acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated polio virus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.”

Antibody production in mice after immunization with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine was investigated. Six lots of the vaccine produced in the same year by six manufacturers in Japan were chosen. Production of IgE antibody specific to either diphtheria or tetanus toxoid varied among vaccine preparations used, although there was no apparent difference in IgG antibody production after i...

BACKGROUND Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid combined with acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines are less reactogenic than diphtheria and tetanus toxoid combined with whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines. However, local reactions increase in rate and severity with each successive DTaP dose, and swelling of the entire injected limb has been reported after booster doses. METHODS We reviewed reports o...