Let IBn be the set of all irreducible matrices in Bn and let SIBn be the set of all symmetric matrices in IBn. Finding an upper bound for the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn and determining gaps in the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn has been studied by many researchers. In this paper, we establish a best upper bound for the set of weak exponents of indecomposability of ma...

For centuries, polemic over Ibnu Taimiyyah (661-728H) has generated cross-generational tension among supporters and opponents. Those believed Ibn to be ma'shum,surpassed Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, unilaterally ordained him as khatim al-mujtahidin. A claim which ignores Sunnis scholars’ epistemic criticism across the school of thought generations, including a critical assessment internal Hanbali its...

architecture has been always recognized as a framework which is influenced by social beliefs, traditions and interactions and furthermore affects individual soul and tendency. therefore it is impossible to analyze and consequently identify an architectural artifact if not accompanied by analysis of intellectual fundamentals of its contemporary society. the ensemble of sheikh safi al-din which i...

The article reveals information from Chinese, Arabic and Persian sources on the historical geography of ancient medieval settlements in Syr Darya, Talas Semirechye areas. It also reports introduction this into academic circulation, as well scientists’ judgments regarding these sources. Thus, covers official written included Twenty-four Histories, travel notes such travellers Xuánzàng, Jiǎ Dān, ...

In this work we consider the design principles of the Instance-Based Network (IBN), an extended version of a generic Content-Based Network(CBN). IBN acts as an overlay communication platform over which end-point entities, called contents, communicate independently from their physical locations while providing the flexibility of having different instances of the same content. The semantics of di...

The extensive research done on the interrelationship between different social factors such as social class, gender and age and different linguistic variables has shown that these factors have important effects on the way language is used. Among these factors a special importance can be placed on age due to the role it plays in revealing different patterns of language use, such as the age-gradin...

[1] Here we describe, test, and apply a spatially explicit, global model for predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export by rivers to coastal waters (NEWS-DIN). NEWS-DIN was developed as part of an internally consistent suite of global nutrient export models. Modeled and measured DIN export values agree well (calibration R = 0.79), and NEWS-DIN is relatively free of bias. NEWS-DIN pred...

Pharmacy which is an art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and Materia Medica gives the names, sources physical characters and chemical properties of herbs or substances used in medicine and their doses have been interwoven connected with medicine from the time immorial. This can be traced back to the findings of ancient Egyptian and Unani Physician like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) Di...