Colorimetry is an important on-site detection method for organophosphorus compounds. O-Ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX) recognized as one of the deadliest chemical agents, and rapid VX great significance to public safety. In this paper, a squaraine derivative was synthesized probe molecules, sensing characteristics in colorimetric solution system containing tetrabut...

The duplex stabilities of various phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, RNA and 2'-OCH3 RNA analogs of two self-complementary DNA 14-mers are compared. Phosphorothioate and/or methylphosphonate analogs of the two sequences d(TAATTAATTAATTA) [D1] and d(TAGCTAATTAGCTA) [D2] differ in the number, position, or chirality (at the 5' terminal linkage) of the modified phosphates. Phosphorothioate deriva...

The presence of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in the environment is a serious threat to human safety, but there are many problems with currently available detection methods for CWAs. For example, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry cannot be used in-field owing rather large size equipment required, while commercial sensors have disadvantages low sensitivity and poor selectivity. Here, we deve...

We present a novel NMR-based study of the molecular aspects of the "attack" on human red blood cells (RBCs) by growing bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus expresses virulence factors, including alpha-hemolysin, which contribute to the clinical condition known as septic shock. alpha-Hemolysin is a pore-forming toxin and its secretion increases the permeability of a range of mammalian cell types infe...

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a widely used chemical. Diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) has been proposed as a replacement for DMMP in several applications. A long-term carcinogenesis study with DMMP in rats and mice showed a significant increase in the incidence of kidney tumors after 2 years of exposure in male but not in female rats and both sexes of mice. DMMP is not genotoxic. Due to ...

The reaction mechanism for the enzymatic conversion of methyl phosphonate to phosphate and methane in Escherichia coli has eluded researchers over the last three decades despite significant genetic and in vivo studies. The phn operon governs the C-P lyase activity in E. coli. The essential genes within the phn operon are phnGHIJKLM. The proteins encoded by phnGHM were over-expressed in E. coli ...

Developing methods to detect, adsorb, and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance to protecting military and civilian populations alike. The sorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a CWA simulant, into trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) films has previously been characterized with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and uptak...