according to the former researcher’s presented relations for flow through rock-fill porous media, the effects of physical characteristics was not studied separately. hence, due to the application of these relations, physical characteristics of porous materials effect must be investigated separately. in various constructed physical models of porous media, the effect of several variables such as ...

Torque ripple is a major problem of switched reluctance motor drive system, which causes undesirable vibration and acoustic noise. In this paper, a novel method of torque closed-loop and fuzzy compensation control for the switched reluctance motor drive system based on finite element model is described. In terms of the simulation results and the special characteristics of static torquecurrent-a...

The technique of electrorotation was used to apply torque to cells of the bacterium Escherichia coli tethered to glass coverslips by single flagella. Cells were made to rotate backward, that is, in the direction opposite to the rotation driven by the flagellar motor itself. The torque generated by the motor under these conditions was estimated using an analysis that explicitly considers the ang...

In recent years, significant progress in understanding the properties of supercoiled DNA has been obtained due to nanotechniques that made stretching and twisting of single molecules possible. Quantitative interpretation of such experiments requires accurate knowledge of torques inside manipulated DNA. This paper argues that it is not possible to transfer the entire magnitudes of external torqu...

Butterfly valves are commonly used as control equipments in applications where the pressure drops required of the valves are relatively low. As shutoff valve (on/off service) or throttling valves (for flow or pressure control), the higher performance and the better precision of butterfly valves are required. Thus it’s more and more essential to know the flow characteristic around the valve. Due...

The major objectives of this paper are to clarify the influence of a whirling motion on the electrical characteristics of a rotating electric machine and to propose a method to control the whirling motion under mechanical resonance. First, it is shown that the hysteretic jump phenomena exist in the rotating speed and the power consumption of the motor due to the whirling motion around the natur...

OBJECTIVES To investigate shoulder rotator strength and steadiness in athletes with anterior instability and superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion. DESIGN Cross-sectional laboratory study. METHODS Athletes with anterior shoulder instability (instability group, n=10) and a SLAP lesion (SLAP group, n=10) were compared with healthy athletes matched by age, anthropometrics and sport ...

The analytic, open-form solution for the steady-state, 2-dimensinal partial differential equation describing the concentration profile for the gas solute in a falling liquid film flowing under a steady-state laminar condition was shown. The overall mass transfer coefficient, c k , for a binary diffusion system, was evaluated in light of the analytic solution and was tested for oxygen absorption...

The measurement of the torque-speed curve is usually done by fixing the cell to a glass slide and tethering a polystyrene bead to the flagellar hook. An optical trap monitor the rotational speed of the bead and the motor torque is calculated from τ = (ξL + ξR)ω ≈ ξLω, where ξR is the drag coefficient due to the internal friction in the motor, ξL is the bead drag coefficient, and ω is the angula...