The purpose of this Advisory is to review potential effects of fat substitutes on achieving the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary recommendations for fat intake and to examine the potential effects of fat substitutes on health. Fat substitutes are compounds incorporated into food products to provide them with some of the qualities of fat. Trends in dietary fat intake and the composition ...

BACKGROUND In studies of adult humans and in animal models, dietary intakes of the macronutrients, particularly fat, are related to body composition; however, data on children are more scarce. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether diet composition is related to percentage body fat in children aged 1.5-4.5 y. DESIGN In 77 preschool children, a 4-d weighed-food record was used to determine...

Studies were carried out to examine the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on cholesterol homeostasis in man. 75 12-wk studies were carried out during intake of 35% of calories as either saturated or polyunsaturated fat, first low and then high in dietary cholesterol. Dietary fat and cholesterol intakes, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, cholesterol absorption and sterol synthesis in iso...

Although research suggests that fat talk, the normalized conversations that involve degrading one's body shape/weight and size, can increase body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior, the extent to which dietary restraint may moderate these relationships remains uncertain. A pilot study (N=30) comparing online videos with researcher-developed vignettes as prospective manipulations for...

Primiparous (n = 24) and multiparous (n = 24) sows were used to examine the effects of supplemental dietary fat and induction of parturition (d 112) on colostrum and milk composition and suckling piglet growth. Sows were assigned to one of eight treatments on d 90 of gestation that included variables such as parity (1 vs. >/=3), dietary fat (0 vs. 10%), and farrowing (natural vs. induction via ...

Quantitative dietary guidelines for fats were first issued in 1977 in the USA and these guidelines have changed little since then. In the UK only 14% of the population achieve the dietary goal for fat (33% energy) and only 3% achieve the target (10% energy) from saturated fatty acids. Analysis of the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults reveals that across quartiles of decreasing to...

The presence of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) in food, its role in cellular bioenergetics and antioxidant protection and the key role played by dietary fatty acids on membrane structure support the interest for a wide research concerning the relationship between dietary fats, CoQ content and biochemical behaviour. Several models of peroxidative stress 'in vivo' have been extensively investigated in our labo...

BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that low dietary fat oxidation makes subjects prone to weight gain. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine dietary fat oxidation in normal, overweight, and obese subjects. DESIGN The subjects were 38 women and 18 men with a mean (+/-SD) age of 30+/-12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 25+/-4 (range: 18-39). Dietary fat oxidation was measured with d...

Objective: Several diseases are reported to be uncommon in those parts of the world where dietary fiber intakes are high, therefore, in this study; we evaluated the hypocholesterolemiceffects of a dietary fiber (guar gum) in hypercholesteromic rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed high-fat or a normal fed diet for 12-week then treated with 5% guar gum in their regime during a 28 days peri...

Foods not included in the basic food groups, such as confectionary and savoury snacks, feature in the diet of urban South African adults.1,2,3 These foods are often not identified by users as major sources of dietary fat4 and the hidden fat present negatively influences lowering fat intake.5,6,7 Considering these aspects a study was undertaken to determine the sensory acceptability of bakery pr...