Serotyping is a universally accepted subtyping method for Listeria monocytogenes. Identification of the strain serotype permits differentiation between important food-borne strains (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) and provides a "gold standard" for comparing isolates analyzed in different labs and with different techniques. Although an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serotyping protocol was des...

Although the classical definition of intractable diarrhea of infancy (1), which includes three or more stools negative for bacterial pathogens, would tend to exclude a role for enteric infection in the pathogenesis of this form of diarrheal disease, a role for pathogenic E. coli may remain. The decade or more since this definition was proposed has seen tremendous advances in the laboratory reco...

We have developed and characterized a rapid semiautomated pneumococcal serotyping system incorporating a pneumococcal lysate preparation protocol and a multiplex serotyping assay. The lysate preparation incorporates a bile solubility test to confirm pneumococcal identification that also enhances assay specificity. The multiplex serotyping assay consists of 24 assays specific for 36 serotypes: s...

salmonella infections are the second leading cause of zoonotic bacterial foodborne illness. main source of infection in human is contaminated food products. the aim of this study was sub typing isolates of salmonella entericaobtained during our previous study bypulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) technique. all 46 salmonella isolates were serotyped and then subjected to pfge. total isolates...

We evaluated the usefulness of enumeration of fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes in making an early diagnosis of Shigella infection, where Shigella is a leading cause of invasive diarrhea. Stool specimens from 561 invasive diarrhea patients were submitted for microscopic examination. A presumptive diagnosis of shigellosis based on microscopic examination was made in 389 of them; 227 had stool cu...

Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx is critical for an understanding of transmission, estimates of vaccine efficacy, and possible replacement disease. Conventional nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) culture and serotyping (the WHO protocol) is likely to underestimate multiple-serotype carriage. We compared the WHO protocol with methods aimed at improving cocolonization detectio...

Since enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) isolates of serogroup O156 have been obtained from human diarrhea patients and asymptomatic carriers, we studied cattle as a potential reservoir for these bacteria. E. coli isolates serotyped by agglutination as O156:H25/H-/Hnt strains (n = 32) were isolated from three cattle farms during a period of 21 months and characterized by rapid microarray...