background and objectives non-traumatic acute abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in patients referred to emergency department. to make diagnosis decision several diagnostic tests such as wbc count, urine analysis, and abdominal sonography are usually ordered which disturb emergency department, staff and force significant cost to patient and are time consuming. this study was do...

the close relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (cns) has been well-studied. the cns regulates almost all the functions of the immune system; however, the effect and/or the control of the immune system on the cns has not been well-studied yet. recent reports suggest that the cns has its own defence mechanism(s). in this review, attempts have been made to discuss ...

background since iran is one of the malaria endemic areas, diagnosis of this disease is important. although the microscopic study of stained peripheral blood smears is as a gold standard of malaria diagnosis, this method requires a microscope, the equipment, and trained people. because of some problems associated with microscopic method in some situations, rapid diagnostic test (rdts) can be a ...

the fna (fine needle aspiration) procedure is simple, inexpensive, available and a safe method for the diagnosis of a neck mass. fna has numerous advantages over open surgical biopsies as an initial diagnostic tool; therefore we decided to compare the accuracy of this method with open biopsy. this retrospective as well as descriptive study comparing preoperative fna results with existing data i...

1. the most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. it seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. the second most important challenge is ...

echocardiography plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of patients with an intracardiac mass. the ability to distinguish tissue characteristics, location, attachment, shape, size, and mobility non-invasively, quickly, and without the use of ionizing radiation makes echocardiography the ideal diagnostic modality. with careful attention to mass location and morphology, and appropriate applic...

bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. recently, numerous studies demonstrated that micrornas are emerging as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. specific mirna profiles have been identified for several samples from patients with bladder cancer. micrornas are noncoding rna molecules of approximately 23 nucleotides that play important roles...

background: dna extraction is one the most important steps for molecular analysis of food-borne pathogens. in this research, three methods of dna extractions from beef harboring sarcocystis spp. were compared for the quality, quantity, safety, as well as cost-effectiveness. methods: about 100 mg intersostal and diaphragm were collected from 10 slaughtered cattle. after ensuring their contaminat...

Heat stroke is a clinical emergency secondary to severe temperature increase due the inefficiencies of heat dissipation mechanisms, causing central nervous system dysfunctions, which may lead multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. disturbances can be classified as "classic" or "exertional" ones and several predisposing factors are involved in their development. This review provides broad approach...

Rule-based diagnostic expert systems can be used to perform many of the diagnostic chores necessary in today's complex space systems. These expert systems typically take a set of symptoms as input and produce diagnostic advice as output. The primary objective of such expert systems is to provide accurate and comprehensive advice which can be used to help return the space system in question to n...