We developed a novel dew-point control system [advanced (ADCS)] in primary standard humidity generator based on the two-pressure technique. In ADCS, actual vapor–liquid equilibrium temperature of water was estimated for control, and pressure inside main saturator controlled by adjusting variable opening an expansion valve. Using periodic variation (oscillation) dew point observed low range grea...

Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted...

an essential requirement for an operating pem fuel cell is providing proper water content in the membrane. to avoid water flooding an appropriate water balance is required. here, an analytic model of a planar membrane humidifier for pem fuel cell is proposed where the effect of dimensional parameters includes membrane thickness, membrane area and channel hydraulic diameter are investigated. a n...

abstract forecasting electrical energy demand and consumption is one of the important decision-making tools in distributing companies for making contracts scheduling and purchasing electrical energy. this paper studies load consumption modeling in hamedan city province distribution network by applying esn neural network. weather forecasting data such as minimum day temperature, average day temp...

An essential requirement for an operating PEM fuel cell is providing proper water content in the membrane. To avoid water flooding an appropriate water balance is required. Here, an analytic model of a planar membrane humidifier for PEM fuel cell is proposed where the effect of dimensional parameters includes membrane thickness, membrane area and channel hydraulic diameter are investigated. A N...