To analyze the effects on prices of simultaneous tariff reductions by multiple importing countries, we construct a simple three-country model where a good is produced by a monopolist with non-constant marginal cost and imported by two countries. We specifically compare two representative tariff-reduction formulas: the "fixed-amount" and the "uniform percentage" reductions. The uniform percentag...

the least developed and developing countries constitute two third of the members the world trade organizations (wto). these groups of countries have different views and concerns on international trade issues. as far as development is concerned, they have different needs and their economic system is often weak and fragile and therefore, they need extra protection. the wto agreements contain spec...

We study the impact of import protection on relationship-specific investments, organizational choice and welfare. We show that a tariff on intermediate inputs can improve social welfare through mitigating hold-up problems. It does so if it discriminates in favor of the investing party, thereby improving its bargaining position. On the other hand, a tariff can prompt inefficient organizational c...

The paper analyses the trade barriers that thwart diversification efforts of developing countries into exports value-added agricultural processed products. It examines extent to which non-tariff measures act as market access constrain products from countries. analysis shows prevalence (including domestic measures) limit ability increase their exports. This has important policy implications in t...

This paper provides new estimates of the effects of corruption and poor institutions on trade protection. It exploits data on several measures of trade protection including import duty, international trade taxes, and the trade-GDP ratio. The paper complements the literature on the relationship between corruption and trade reform. It deviates from the previous literature in several ways. First, ...

The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) at the WTO deals with the progressive opening of the markets in high-income countries, favoring the dynamic exporters among the developing countries. This process is to be finished by the year 2005, when the whole sector is going to be under the WTO rules, and will occur in four steps, but only at the end will the majority of products be included. In...