A variety of approaches to delineating metropolitan areas have been developed. Systematic comparisons these in terms the metro area landscape that they generate are however few. Our paper aims fill this gap. We focus on Indonesia and make use data commuting flows, spatially fine-grained population, remotely sensed nighttime lights construct using several developed literature. find maps characte...

Social innovation (SI) has been championed as an integral feature of community-led rural development. However, the choice term “innovation” prompts a number questions about intensity and novelty SI initiatives. In this paper, these issues are examined through lens radical incremental theory. By analysing features SI, we can better understand different social reconfigurations that respond effect...