Abstract Process models are among the principal artefacts used for managing design projects. However, selection of effective modelling approaches can be difficult project managers, given that a plethora tools exists various purposes. In addition to date no systematic approach assessment and process is available practitioners. This paper presents development criteria benchmarking selecting diffe...

Schools and community halls are frequently chosen as disaster evacuation centres during difficult flood incidences. However, the buildings' existing designs facilities designed for their respective uses inefficient relief. Thus, suitability is in doubt. It therefore recommended to apply Multidisciplinary Centre Earthquake Engineering Research, or MCEER 4R’s Resilience Framework, investigate cen...

The main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. Numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. Therefore, railway track desig...